by Beth Gray

After years of preparation, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is poised to execute a new set of rules that have the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States.  On January 2, 2011, the EPA’s Tailoring Rule takes effect which aims to target the largest emitters of greenhouse gas emissions in the country.

To fully understand the impact of the Tailoring Rule, it is important to understand its origins which really began in 1970 with the Clean Air Act (CAA).  The Clean Air Act sought to curb atmospheric pollution that was found even 40 years ago to have a negative impact on the environment and human health.  Various pollutants are acknowledged in the CAA as detrimental.  The CAA contains a permitting function which seeks to regulate the volume of pollutants as identified within the CAA.  In April 2007, the Supreme Court ruled in Massachusetts v. EPA that greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide, are air pollutants that are covered under the CAA.  At that time, the EPA undertook to determine whether such greenhouse gas emissions were subject to the CAA permitting regulations. 

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by Beth Gray

Photo taken from Discovery Magazine article: http://discovermagazine.com/2009/jan/055

The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) explains that “the Arctic is global warming’s canary in the coal mine.”    This environmentally sensitive area of the globe has been in danger for decades but recent images provide visual proof of just how dire the situation is.  The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado provides a daily update on the declining volume and size of Arctic sea ice.  The daily images show where the sea ice boundary currently is with an orange line showing where it was in 1979.  The NSIDC reports that as of August 16, “Arctic ice extent was 5.95 million square kilometers.”  This may seem like a massive amount of ice but as NSIDC notes, this represents a decrease of some 1.68 million square kilometers below the 1979 to 2000 average for the season. 

Though Arctic sea ice does melt during the Arctic summer (a time when the region experiences 24 hours of sunshine), this season’s melt has been dramatic.  A recent Washington Post article explains that “After going into the melt season with more ice over a larger area than recent years, sea ice extent plummeted by a daily rate of 26,000 square miles per day during May, which was the highest rate of loss ever observed for the month since satellite records of sea ice began in 1979.”  On his blog, Nick Sundt, Director of Communications, Climate Change Program at the World Wildlife Fund, put this figure into perspective writing, “That is an area roughly half the size of the entire United States (including Alaska)…”  As if the analyses from satellite images was not startling enough, however, researchers studying the region are finding that the situation is worse than even the satellite images are showing.  In a Time Magazine article earlier this year, David Barber, an Arctic climatologist at the University of Manitoba, describes his experience in visiting the area:  “Some of what satellites identified as thick, melt-resistant multiyear ice turned out to be…’full of holes, like Swiss cheese.  We haven’t seen this sort of thing before.’”

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